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<title>Biocomplexity</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Biocomplexity</span></span>

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<p>'<b>Biocomplexity'</b> is a multidisciplinary field that examines and investigates emergent properties arising from the interaction of multiple biological agents, phenomena, and systems, which may range in spatiotemporal scales, biological relationships,interactions and levels from molecules to ecosystems. Research in this area investigates the nonlinear or chaotic dynamics, unpredictable behavior, self-organization, and adaptation of living systems, aware that biological systems can display characteristics that cannot be understood through the study of individual properties alone.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Biocomplexity sheds light on the interconnectedness of life, recognizing that the behavior of biological entities emerges from the intricate interplay of countless biotic and abiotic factors. This understanding enables us to grasp how living systems can exhibit properties that go beyond the mere sum of their elements, opening up new possibilities for addressing real-world challenges in diverse fields such as medicine, ecology, and biotechnology.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>To answer questions about system resilience, self-organization and adaptation, new modelling approaches have been developed and researchers are transitioning to more quantitative methods in order to better understand and analyze complex human and natural systems. These approaches focus on questions about system properties and interactions that create self-organizing or emergent behavior, and the circumstances in which unexpected system responses may occur. Analyzing the state of these systems can provide insight into system resilience, vulnerability, and management.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Primarily as a result of funding policy changes at the American <a href="National_Science_Foundation" title="National Science Foundation">National Science Foundation</a> around 2000, some researchers have begun to use the term biocomplexity in a narrower sense to denote the <a href="Complexity" title="Complexity">complex</a> behavioral, biological, social, chemical, and physical interactions of <a href="Life" title="Life">living</a> <a href="Organism" title="Organism">organisms</a> with their <a href="Natural_environment" title="Natural environment">environment</a>. This relatively new subfield of biocomplexity encompasses other domains such as <a href="Biodiversity" title="Biodiversity">biodiversity</a> and <a href="Ecology" title="Ecology">ecology</a>.

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<ul><li><a href="Degeneracy_(biology)" title="Degeneracy (biology)">Biological degeneracy</a></li>

<li><a href="Complex_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Complex systems">Complex systems</a></li>

<li><a href="Evolution_of_complexity" class="mw-redirect" title="Evolution of complexity">Evolution of complexity</a></li>

<li><a href="Gaia_hypothesis" title="Gaia hypothesis">Gaia hypothesis</a></li>

<li><a href="Systems_biology" title="Systems biology">Systems biology</a></li>

<li><a href="System_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="System theory">System theory</a></li></ul>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFCottingham2002" class="citation journal cs1">Cottingham, K (2002). "Tackling Biocomplexity: The Role of People, Tools, and Scale: This article uses case studies from aquatic ecosystems to demonstrate that a key component of a successful biocomplexity research project is the careful choice of people, tools, and scale to answer the questions under investigation". <i>BioScience</i>. <b>52</b> (9): <span class="nowrap">793–</span>799. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1641%2F0006-3568%282002%29052%5B0793%3ATBTROP%5D2.0.CO%3B2">10.1641/0006-3568(2002)052[0793:TBTROP]2.0.CO;2</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFColwell" class="citation journal cs1">Colwell, Rita. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article/52/9/793-799/248743">"Balancing the biocomplexity of the planet's living systems: A twenty-first century task for science"</a>. <i>academic.oup.com</i>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1641%2F0006-3568%282002%29052%5B0793%3Atbtrop%5D2.0.co%3B2">10.1641/0006-3568(2002)052[0793:tbtrop]2.0.co;2</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-07-25</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFPickettCadenassoGrove2005" class="citation journal cs1">Pickett, S. T. A.; Cadenasso, M. L.; Grove, J. M. (2005-04-01). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-004-0098-7">"Biocomplexity in Coupled Natural–Human Systems: A Multidimensional Framework"</a></span>. <i>Ecosystems</i>. <b>8</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">225–</span>232. <a href="Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005Ecosy...8..225P">2005Ecosy...8..225P</a>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10021-004-0098-7">10.1007/s10021-004-0098-7</a>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1435-0629">1435-0629</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMICHENERBAERWALDFIRTHPALMER2001" class="citation journal cs1">MICHENER, WILLIAM K.; BAERWALD, THOMAS J.; FIRTH, PENELOPE; PALMER, MARGARET A.; ROSENBERGER, JAMES L.; SANDLIN, ELIZABETH A.; ZIMMERMAN, HERMAN (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1641%2F0006-3568%282001%29051%5B1018%3Adaub%5D2.0.co%3B2">"Defining and Unraveling Biocomplexity"</a>. <i>BioScience</i>. <b>51</b> (12): 1018. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1641%2F0006-3568%282001%29051%5B1018%3Adaub%5D2.0.co%3B2">10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[1018:daub]2.0.co;2</a></span>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0006-3568">0006-3568</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBolteHulseGregorySmith2007" class="citation journal cs1">Bolte, John P.; Hulse, David W.; Gregory, Stanley V.; Smith, Court (2007-05-01). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364815206000296">"Modeling biocomplexity – actors, landscapes and alternative futures"</a></span>. <i>Environmental Modelling & Software</i>. The Implications of Complexity for Integrated Resources. <b>22</b> (5): <span class="nowrap">570–</span>579. <a href="Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007EnvMS..22..570B">2007EnvMS..22..570B</a>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.envsoft.2005.12.033">10.1016/j.envsoft.2005.12.033</a>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1364-8152">1364-8152</a>.</cite></span>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090825160136/http://thesaurus.nbii.gov/portal/server.pt?open=512&objID=578&&PageID=1657&mode=2&in_hi_userid=2&cached=true">[1]</a>. Biological Informatics Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. via <a href="Archive.org" class="mw-redirect" title="Archive.org">archive.org</a></li>

<li><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120722023949/http://www.ceoe.udel.edu/extreme2003/mission/biocomplexity/">"What Exactly is Biocomplexity?"</a>. University of Delaware, College of Marine Studies and the Sea Grant College Program. 2003. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ceoe.udel.edu/extreme2003/mission/biocomplexity/">the original</a> on 2012-07-22.</cite></li>

<li><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120924113759/http://www.nd.edu/%7Eicsb/">"The Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Biocomplexity"</a>. University of Notre Dame. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nd.edu/~icsb/">the original</a> on 2012-09-24.</cite></li>

<li><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biocomplexity.indiana.edu/">"The Biocomplexity Institute"</a>. The Trustees of Indiana University.</cite></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://knb.ecoinformatics.org">The Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070812221517/http://www.bio.vu.nl/grc2000/biocomplexity.html"> – Homepage on the journal Biocomplexity (publication cancelled) by its editor Hans V. Westerhoff</a> via archive.org</li></ul></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

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